Monday, February 13, 2012

How did the Latin Perfect become the Italian Remoto?

I'm learning the perfect forms in Latin so I went to go look of the same thing in Italian out of curiosity. I noticed that the Perfect forms in Latin had become something which resemble the Pluperfect forms in Italian. I have to wonder what process may have caused this. It makes more sense of course to look at dialects, since written Italian was constructed after the spoken language had already diverged significantly from classical Latin into these various dialects. This then offers and interesting image of Southern Italian dialects, which commonly use the Passato Remoto form as a type of simple or perfect past. While Ceasar said "VENI, VIDI, VICI" milanese (both as a dialect and as a way of speaking Italian, indeed usage of the standard language varies just as much as dialects themselves) would say that as something more similar to, "sono venuto, ho veduto, ho vinto" whereas even in standard Italian you may here a Sicilian on the street say, "venni, vidi, vinsi". I would even go out on a limb and suggest that perhaps in the dialect the relationship between the perfect usages is even closer.

The sicilian usage I presented is the passato remoto. It's sort of a literary, or historical past. It can serve as a pluperfect to the trapasatto (which itself is the pluperfect) and Passato Remoto has its own pluperfect Trapasatto Remoto. In fact the complexity of tenses in Italian and most romance languages is indeed greater than even Latin! Futuro describes just the future, futuro anteriore refers to an event which is in the future but happens before another event in the future (thus it is like the past of the future), presente is the present, passato prossimo is like the simple past but it is a compound form with an auxilary, imperfetto is a past with the specific aspect of being an event which has no clear beginning or end, trapassato prossimo is like a pluperfect but implies aspect without requiring it, passato remoto is a literary past or historical past which is not connected to the speaker it can be used as a device of distance and it does convey some authority like what using the perfect in speech in english expresses, trapassato remoto is like the trapassato but refers to the passato remoto.

Passato Remoto did start out as more common in speech. Dante used passato remoto as a simple past, and interestingly enough he is now one of the most common thing we refer to using passato remoto!

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